The Mozaic - Digital Map of Shrimp Ponds at Nyamplungan Block
THE ANALYSIS OF SIG DATA OF SHRIMP PONDS AREA IN NYAMPLUNGAN BLOCK, LEGON LELE RESORT, NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT SECTION REGION II KARIMUNJAWA, KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK
by
Nugroho Dri Atmojo, SP.
Isai Yusidarta, ST., M.Sc. - isaiyusidarta@gmail.com
Yusuf Syaifuddin, S. Bio., MA.
Translator:
Anninda
Nurul Islami
(Directorate
of Environmental Dispute Settlement)
I.
INTRODUCTION
a.
Background
The reason
why shrimp pond investors relocated their business into “virgin” locations was
its financial profits of managing natural resources particularly mangroves. The
investors used mangrovesas shrimp pond business area in Karimunjawa because of
minimum production fee.
Karimunjawa
National Park Agency needs to be aware of land encroachment thread. The agency
must calculatethe existence of mangrove forest outside Karimunjawa National
Park area that turned into intensive shrimp ponds. This encroachment thread of
Karimunjawa National Park will become real if the demand of shrimp pond is
higher than the actuality of mangroves outside the national park.
Nyamplungan Village is one of the strategic area that investors considered
to be shrimp pond businessarea. The village was located near main street and
sea.There were mangroves that part of Karimunjawa National Park, near this
village. The shrimp ponds were placed inside mangroveforestthat served as protection
against abrasion. The investors worry no more about damaged waves. Situated
near resident, the investors engaged CSR for community, by giving some amount
of money or providing jobs for community. That was all the social-economic
strategy done byinvestors of shrimp pond thatmade their business in Nyamplungan
Village.
b.
Problem
formulation
Karimunjawa National Park as a natural
conservation area preserved its natural ecosystem by managing zoning system for
education and research that supported marine cultivation and natural tourism.
They must be able of doing an interpretation about spatial changing in
Nyamplungan Village Legon Lele Resort – National Park Management Section Region
II Karimunjawa.
c.
Basic
theory
Geographic Information System (GIS) is an
information system managed data with spatial information (spatial reference).
Or on the other meaning, computer system for constructing, saving, managing,
and displaying geographic information, for instance identified data based on
its location in a database.
SIG managed
mostly spatial data or geographical data. These data have specific coordinate
system as its reference and they have two important parts that differentiated them
from other data, as follows:
1.
Location information (spatial), related with
geographic coordinate (latitude and longitude) and XYZ coordinate, includes
datum and projection information;
2.
Descriptive information (attribute) or non-spatial
information, showing description of related location, for instance vegetation,
population, area, postcode, and many more.
SIG was
known for its powerful analysis and managing plenty of data. The knowledge
about how to extract data and how to apply data were the key of SIG analysis.
d.
Objective
The
objective of analyzing SIG data of shrimp ponds land-clearing was to interpret
the spatial changing in Nyamplungan Village Legon Lele - National Park Management Section Region II
Karimunjawa.
e.
Tools and materials
- Mosaic map of aerial drone mapping of shrimp pond area in Nyamplungan
Block with 4,5 cm/px resolution;
- Computer;
- ArcGIS 10.4.1 Software;
- “Rupa Bumi Indonesia” digital map with
a scale of 1:50.000 in 2014.
II.
THE RESULT OF SIG DATA ANALYSIS
Based on spatial data
analysis using ArcGIS 10.4.1
on aerial image of shrimp ponds area in Nyamplungan
Block, it can be concludedthat:
No.
|
Description
|
Length (m)
|
Area (ha)
|
Analysis
|
1.
|
The closest distance of active shrimp pond and the barrier
|
23,7
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
2.
|
The closest distance of active shrimp
pond and the sea
|
127,6
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
3.
|
An extensive area of active shrimp
pond
|
3,15
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
4.
|
The previous extensive area of shrimp
pond inside of the national park
|
0,77
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
5.
|
The length ofwater channel from
active shrimp pond to the sea
|
180
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
6.
|
Closest gap between active shrimp
pond and the main street
|
60
|
Calculate geometry
|
|
7.
|
Alteration of land cover into
active shrimp pond
|
2
|
intersection of mosaic map and vegetation
map of RBI year 2014
|
|
8.
|
Alteration of swamp cover into
active shrimp pond
|
0,29
|
intersection of mosaic map and vegetation map
of RBI year 2014
|
|
9.
|
Alteration of dam cover into
active shrimp pond
|
0,86
|
intersection of mosaic map and vegetation map
of RBI year 2014
|
III.
THE RESULT
Image 1.
Map of shrimp ponds location in Nyamplungan Village as the result of drone
aerial mapping
Based on
shrimp pond mosaic image in Nyamplungan Block and SIG data analysisthat had
been conducted, the result was shown on the map above. The interpretation
result of overlaying mosaic shrimp pond area shows that the land-clearing for
shrimp pond in Nyamplungan Village, Karimunjawa, as follows:
1.
On the former location of shrimp ponds in 1990,
the expansion of the ponds cannot be found on both left and right side. The
former shrimp ponds have turned into farm, dam, and swamp. Seeing from this
condition, the recovery of the land meant only for cultivating another shrimp
pond. The remaking of shrimp pond was done by clearing away mangroves that had
been restorated before and dredging out mangrove soil with excavator.
2.
If the pattern
of mangrove tenure changing in Nyamplungan Village happened as described in
point 1, mangrove encroachment threadin Karimunjawa National
Park became real. As shown in the attachment of aerial map of shrimp pond area
in Nyamplungan Village, there were previous shrimp ponds area located inside of
the national park. It was 0,77 hectare. Thisencroachment problem will become
another trouble if it cannot be handled well.
3.
Based on the
form of embankment and the base of the ponds, it can be concluded that the
vannamei shrimp cultivation system was intensive. Intensive shrimp pond was
characterized by:
a. The top
embankment form was wider than traditional shrimp pond. It helped to distributefodder.
Intensive shrimp pond needs 100% of synthetic fodder in large quantity during shrimp
growth period until it is ready for harvest. Vannamei shrimp is known for its
cannibalism, they eat each other when hungry.
b.
There was basin
at every diagonal meeting of the pond base which gathered the remains of fodder
or feces. This made cleaning the remains easy.
4.
There was channel that connected pond plot
and the outer part of pond with 180 meters long and assumed as inlet channel
for flowing the water into the pond, also as outlet channel for flowing the
water out of the pond. To confirm the function of this channel, ground check
must be conducted.
5.
From the satellite image, we can see that Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP) did not exist there. WWTP should be installed for treating
wastewater before it was being discharged to the sea. Wastewater that is discharged to the environment without suitable treatment causes the increasing of algae in the open
water. This triggers an anoxic condition (a deficiency of oxygen)which causes
the death of marine biota.
6. The
cleaning of plastic for covering up and bottom of embankment, usually do after
harvest, threats small fish in mangrove area and big fish in open water. Vannamei
shrimp does not have blood, it only has spleen liquid.The substance used in the
cleaning process was not accumulated inside vannamei shrimp body, so it does
not affect shrimp live. But,it affects fish. Toxic that is contained in the
substance kills fish.
7.
With the length of the channel that reach
up to 180 meters, the cleaning water can reach open water faster and it can
risk fish which have red blood.