THE ANALYSIS OF SIG DATA OF SHRIMP PONDS AREA IN NYAMPLUNGAN BLOCK, LEGON LELE RESORT, NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT SECTION REGION II KARIMUNJAWA, KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

The Mozaic - Digital Map of Shrimp Ponds at Nyamplungan Block

THE ANALYSIS OF SIG DATA OF SHRIMP PONDS AREA IN NYAMPLUNGAN BLOCK, LEGON LELE RESORT, NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT SECTION REGION II KARIMUNJAWA, KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

by

Nugroho Dri Atmojo, SP.

Isai Yusidarta, ST., M.Sc. - isaiyusidarta@gmail.com

Yusuf Syaifuddin, S. Bio., MA.

Translator:

Anninda Nurul Islami

(Directorate of Environmental Dispute Settlement)

I.          INTRODUCTION

a.        Background

The reason why shrimp pond investors relocated their business into “virgin” locations was its financial profits of managing natural resources particularly mangroves. The investors used mangrovesas shrimp pond business area in Karimunjawa because of minimum production fee.

Karimunjawa National Park Agency needs to be aware of land encroachment thread. The agency must calculatethe existence of mangrove forest outside Karimunjawa National Park area that turned into intensive shrimp ponds. This encroachment thread of Karimunjawa National Park will become real if the demand of shrimp pond is higher than the actuality of mangroves outside the national park.

Nyamplungan Village is one of the strategic area that investors considered to be shrimp pond businessarea. The village was located near main street and sea.There were mangroves that part of Karimunjawa National Park, near this village. The shrimp ponds were placed inside mangroveforestthat served as protection against abrasion. The investors worry no more about damaged waves. Situated near resident, the investors engaged CSR for community, by giving some amount of money or providing jobs for community. That was all the social-economic strategy done byinvestors of shrimp pond thatmade their business in Nyamplungan Village.

b.        Problem formulation

Karimunjawa National Park as a natural conservation area preserved its natural ecosystem by managing zoning system for education and research that supported marine cultivation and natural tourism. They must be able of doing an interpretation about spatial changing in Nyamplungan Village Legon Lele Resort – National Park Management Section Region II Karimunjawa.

c.         Basic theory

Geographic Information System (GIS) is an information system managed data with spatial information (spatial reference). Or on the other meaning, computer system for constructing, saving, managing, and displaying geographic information, for instance identified data based on its location in a database.

SIG managed mostly spatial data or geographical data. These data have specific coordinate system as its reference and they have two important parts that differentiated them from other data, as follows:

1.    Location information (spatial), related with geographic coordinate (latitude and longitude) and XYZ coordinate, includes datum and projection information;

2.    Descriptive information (attribute) or non-spatial information, showing description of related location, for instance vegetation, population, area, postcode, and many more.

SIG was known for its powerful analysis and managing plenty of data. The knowledge about how to extract data and how to apply data were the key of SIG analysis.

d.        Objective

The objective of analyzing SIG data of shrimp ponds land-clearing was to interpret the spatial changing in Nyamplungan Village Legon Lele - National Park Management Section Region II Karimunjawa.

e.        Tools and materials

• Mosaic map of aerial drone mapping of shrimp pond area in Nyamplungan Block with 4,5 cm/px resolution;
• Computer;
• ArcGIS 10.4.1 Software;
• “Rupa Bumi Indonesia” digital map with a scale of 1:50.000 in 2014.

II.          THE RESULT OF SIG DATA ANALYSIS

Based on spatial data analysis using ArcGIS 10.4.1 on aerial image of shrimp ponds area in Nyamplungan Block, it can be concludedthat:

No.	Description	Length (m)	Area (ha)	Analysis
1.	The closest distance of active shrimp pond and the barrier	23,7		Calculate geometry
2.	The closest distance of active shrimp pond and the sea	127,6		Calculate geometry
3.	An extensive area of active shrimp pond		3,15	Calculate geometry
4.	The previous extensive area of shrimp pond inside of the national park		0,77	Calculate geometry
5.	The length ofwater channel from active shrimp pond to the sea	180		Calculate geometry
6.	Closest gap between active shrimp pond and the main street	60		Calculate geometry
7.	Alteration of land cover into active shrimp pond		2	intersection of mosaic map and vegetation map of RBI year 2014
8.	Alteration of swamp cover into active shrimp pond		0,29	intersection of mosaic map and vegetation map of RBI year 2014
9.	Alteration of dam cover into active shrimp pond		0,86	intersection of mosaic map and vegetation map of RBI year 2014

III.          THE RESULT

Image 1. Map of shrimp ponds location in Nyamplungan Village as the result of drone aerial mapping

Based on shrimp pond mosaic image in Nyamplungan Block and SIG data analysisthat had been conducted, the result was shown on the map above. The interpretation result of overlaying mosaic shrimp pond area shows that the land-clearing for shrimp pond in Nyamplungan Village, Karimunjawa, as follows:

1.    On the former location of shrimp ponds in 1990, the expansion of the ponds cannot be found on both left and right side. The former shrimp ponds have turned into farm, dam, and swamp. Seeing from this condition, the recovery of the land meant only for cultivating another shrimp pond. The remaking of shrimp pond was done by clearing away mangroves that had been restorated before and dredging out mangrove soil with excavator.

2.    If the pattern of mangrove tenure changing in Nyamplungan Village happened as described in point 1, mangrove encroachment threadin Karimunjawa National Park became real. As shown in the attachment of aerial map of shrimp pond area in Nyamplungan Village, there were previous shrimp ponds area located inside of the national park. It was 0,77 hectare. Thisencroachment problem will become another trouble if it cannot be handled well.

3.    Based on the form of embankment and the base of the ponds, it can be concluded that the vannamei shrimp cultivation system was intensive. Intensive shrimp pond was characterized by:

a.    The top embankment form was wider than traditional shrimp pond. It helped to distributefodder. Intensive shrimp pond needs 100% of synthetic fodder in large quantity during shrimp growth period until it is ready for harvest. Vannamei shrimp is known for its cannibalism, they eat each other when hungry.

b.    There was basin at every diagonal meeting of the pond base which gathered the remains of fodder or feces. This made cleaning the remains easy.

4.    There was channel that connected pond plot and the outer part of pond with 180 meters long and assumed as inlet channel for flowing the water into the pond, also as outlet channel for flowing the water out of the pond. To confirm the function of this channel, ground check must be conducted.

5.    From the satellite image, we can see that Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) did not exist there. WWTP should be installed for treating wastewater before it was being discharged to the sea. Wastewater that is discharged to the environment without suitable treatment causes the increasing of algae in the open water. This triggers an anoxic condition (a deficiency of oxygen)which causes the death of marine biota.

6.    The cleaning of plastic for covering up and bottom of embankment, usually do after harvest, threats small fish in mangrove area and big fish in open water. Vannamei shrimp does not have blood, it only has spleen liquid.The substance used in the cleaning process was not accumulated inside vannamei shrimp body, so it does not affect shrimp live. But,it affects fish. Toxic that is contained in the substance kills fish.

7.    With the length of the channel that reach up to 180 meters, the cleaning water can reach open water faster and it can risk fish which have red blood.